A Clockwork Orange and the Inviolability of Free Will Free Essay Example, 750 words

Sentenced to fourteen years in prison, his first years in prison are a challenge for him, the guards are oppressive and merciless; also other prisoners want to rape him. However as time passes Alex's life in prison becomes easier, he befriends the prison chaplain who later learns of Alex's interest in the Bible. The chaplain lets Alex read in the prison chapel and allows him to listen to classical music. One day after killing a cellmate, the prison management select Alex as a candidate for an experimental treatment called the Ludovico that involves brainwashing through incorporating associative learning. After several treatments Alex is no longer violent, this was a massive success for the law and order department as they could now release non-vicious prisoner once undertaken through the Ludovico treatment (Books of The Times). After two years, Alex is released a harmless human being incapable of vicious acts, however from this transition life is difficult for him as those he wronge d start revenging on him. The old gang who are police officers revenge on Alex by beating him up, Alex crawls to the cottage where he had beaten up a man and raped his wife. We will write a custom essay sample on A Clockwork Orange and the Inviolability of Free Will or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Alex is envious of Pete and decides that he also wants such a life for himself; his final thoughts in the book are of him and his future son. All through the book, the theme of the inviolability of free will is evident; more than anything, it is evident that the author holds onto the belief that the freedom of choosing is a big human attribute which means that the presence of the moral choice distinguishes human beings from lower animals and machines.

Edgar Allan Poe and His Works Essay - 1013 Words

Thesis: Edgar Allan Poe was one of the most influential, yet misunderstood writers in American Literature. I. His Early Life A. His Adoption B. His Education II. His Later Life A. Books Published B. Military Life III. The Conclusion of His Life A. His Marriage B. His Death IV. His Works V. What Others Thought Of Him Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, known as a poet and critic but most famous as the first master of the short story form, especially tales of the mysterious and macabre. Since his early death, the literary qualities of Poes writings have been disputed, but his works have remained popular and he influenced many major American and European writers. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Poe was†¦show more content†¦The following year his tale A MS. Found in a Bottle won a contest sponsored by the Baltimore Saturday Visitor. In 1835, Poe received a job as editor of the Southern Literary Messenger. He held this job until 1837. In 1836, he married his young cousin, Virginia (Anderson, 35-44). Throughout the next decade, much of which was marred by his wifes long illness, Poe worked as an editor for various periodicals in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and in New York City. In 1847, Virginia died and Poe himself became ill; his disastrous addiction to liquor and his alleged use of drugs, may have contributed to his early death (Anderson, 123). About a dozen of Poes poems are remarkable for their flawless literary construction and for their haunting themes and meters. In The Raven, for example, melancholy and omens of death overwhelm the narrator (Collected Tales, 943). Lenore mourns the death of a beautiful young woman (Collected Tales, 946). Poes extraordinary manipulation of rhythm and sound is particularly evident in The Bells, a poem that seems to echo with the chiming of metallic instruments (Collected Tales, 954). Annabel Lee is another poem that grieves the passing of a young woman (Collected Tales, 957). The Sleeper, is a remarkable poem that reproduces the state of drowsiness (Collected Tales, 965). Poe worked primarily as a book reviewer and produced a significant body of criticism; his essays wereShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe And His Works1496 Words   |  6 Pages Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most well-known authors in the history of literature. He is best known for his works of poetry and short stories. His works have affected not only literature in America, but around the world. Mainly centered on death, tragedy, and despair, his work mirrored those themes that constructed his life. It is by examining his works, in the context of his life experiences, that we are able to see a direct correlation between his life’s situations and the topics he chose toRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe: His Life and Works705 Words   |  3 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was born in Massachusetts in 1809 and was orphaned by the time by the age of 2 (Fisher ix). Edgar lived with his godparents, and excelled in school but he had an irascible temper and was prone to alcoholism (Fisher vi). He first began his writing career by entering several â€Å"fiction contests† that was being held by newspapers in New England, and went on to write and publish 1 novel, and several short stories and poems (Fisher vii). He married his 14 year old cousin in 1836 and supportedRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : His Life Influenced His Work1093 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe: How His Life Influenced His Work Edgar Allan Poe was an American author known for his works of depression and misfortune. Throughout his lifetime, Poe would never gain fame. It was only after his death that the true genius of Edgar Allan Poe was discovered. Poe frequently used his life occurrences—as terrible as they were—to influence his writings. It is through his writings that one can delve into the mind of Edgar Allan Poe and discover how his life truly was. Edgar Allan PoeRead MoreBrianna Ruiz-Vannerson. Leonard Miller. Enc1102. Feb. 231548 Words   |  7 PagesFeb. 23 2017 The Compelling Mind of Edgar Allan Poe Through: â€Å"Lenore† and â€Å"The Raven† Throughout the life of esteemed author Edgar Allan Poe, there have been many time that this extraordinary man’s life has been turned upside down with grief. His first encounter with this wretched demon was when he was no older than three years of age. The mother who birthed him dies and his father abandons them before her death (â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†). He then is separated from his brother and sister, William and RosalieRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe; Fame Inspired by a Tragic Life865 Words   |  4 Pagespoet, Edgar Allan Poe, had been plagued by grief from an early age. He was an amazing poet and author who just happened to have a darker story. Many who have studied this prestigious man feel that his works, though magnificent, were extremely dark. Some believe it was nothing more then a fancy for him to spin such gruesome tales. Others feel his work was manipulated by the misfortune of his past. These people have actually found evidence that agrees with this statement. Th e works of Edgar Allan PoeRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe Research Paper1195 Words   |  5 PagesNick Nedzweckas Mrs. Merriam Lit and Comp 1 2 December 2010 Edgar Allan Poe His works and life relating to â€Å"Annabel Lee† [pic] Many poets and story writers write their stories based upon events and aspects of their life. They do this because it is so relatable and easy to write about because there is some truth in the words. Edgar Allan Poe is said to be one of these because his stories actually relate to his tragic, love stricken life. He is known to lead an overall depressingRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : The Tale Heart, The Fall Of The House Of Usher, And Annabel Lee Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is well known for his poetry. Edgar Allan Poe was not only a world renowned poet, but he is also known as being a writer of short stories, as well as known for being a critic. Edgar Allan Poe has many literary works; quite possibly the most famous one being The Raven. Some of Edgar Allan Poe’s other famous works include The Tell-Tale Heart, The Fall of the House of Usher, and Annabel Lee. Edgar Allan Poe is also known as being a Romanticist, due to the factRead MoreThe Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout the life of Edgar Allan Poe, he suffered many unfortunate events and endured several difficult situations. Some speculate that it was these experiences that helped to formulate the famous writing style of Edgar Allan Poe. His dark tales such as The Masque of the Red Death and The Tell-Tale Heart are horrific, and his poems such as Alone and The Raven show evidence that his life experiences influenced their dr eariness. Poes story plots and his own life are undeniably related andRead MoreInfluence That Endures Ever More: Edgar Allan Poe908 Words   |  4 PagesInfluence That Endures Ever More: Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe once said, â€Å"Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality.† Edgar Allan Poe was one of the most influential people in literary history and his words had the great power to impress the mind. More than 150 years after the death of Edgar Allan Poe, his writings are still influencing and inspiring writers today. Edgar Allan Poe was one of the a greatest literary influences of the 19th century andRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven And The Fall Of The House Of Usher 896 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is an extremely well known American writer and is famous for his horrific and mysterious works such as, â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher.† Poe was born in 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts in an era that seems to have many dark and ominous writers and pieces of literature originating from that time period. Poe is said to have launched the interest in many of the detect ive type stories that we read from modern day writers. â€Å"In the early 1800s, romanticism was the dominant

The Rise and Decline of the Roman Republic Free Essays

R. Griffin Professor Terry HIST 101 26 May 2010 The Rise and Decline of the Roman Republic To this day, there have been few governmental declines comparable to that of the Roman Republic. Once a thriving republic with an established system of government, Rome was the first society in which any free citizen could have a say, directly or indirectly, in governmental actions and decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise and Decline of the Roman Republic or any similar topic only for you Order Now For years, this stability of the government corresponded to several conquests, and the future of the Republic appeared to be very bright; however, increasing economic, social, and political issues tore apart a government, which appeared to be flawless. The events that directly led to Rome’s relapse from a thriving republic years ahead of its time, with divided power and stability, to a chaotic system of government consisting of dictators and frequent turmoil provide a clear example of the misuse of power by several individuals. This research will explain the events and circumstances that directly lead to the decline of the Roman republic. By 287 B. C. Rome had created a governmental system years ahead of it’s time. Rome modified this political system several times over the years in order to deal with internal conflicts and managed to establish a complex, yet organized government. The Romans had a clear concept of executive authority, embodied in their word, imperium, or ‘the right to command’† (Spielvogel 117). Atop the chain of command were the two consuls and praetor. These elected officials served one-year terms, with the consuls having a military focus and the praetor having a political focus. A s the Roman republic expanded, pro-praetors and pro-consuls, who previously served as consuls and praetors, were also appointed to govern the Roman provinces. Furthermore, Administrators, or officials with specialized duties helped assisting the Consuls and Praetor. Quaestors were in charge of overseeing financial affairs. Aediles supervised the games. Also, Censors were appointed to gather an assessment of the population. The main purpose of establishing this position was to aid in formulating taxes. A major modification that solidified Rome as a governed republic was the addition of the senate. It consisted of three hundred advising elders who served life-long terms. Since they did not have legislative authority, they could not make laws. Finally, the Centuriate Assembly contained high ranking Roman army officers functioning in a political role. â€Å"By any reasonable standards the constitution worked smoothly. There was no interruption in the annual election of office holders, and not a single Roman is known to have been killed, or even injured, in political violence during the period† (Millar 2). The Roman population consisted of the Patricians and Plebeians, with the plebs being the majority. The Plebeians, who were underprivileged and poor, opposed the aristocratic patricians because they did not have the same rights as them. Moreover, the patricians controlled the entire government, and the hard-working farmers and small landowners of the plebeian group could not hold office and have someone to represent them politically. When the plebs became tired of the inequality of the government they essentially went on strike and left Rome. â€Å"The patricians, realizing that they could not defend Rome by themselves, were forced to compromise. Two new officials known as the tribunes of the plebs were instituted. These tribunes were given the power to protect the plebeians from arrest by patrician magistrates. Moreover, a new popular assembly for plebeians only, called the council of the plebs, was created in 471 B. C. † (Spievogel 118). This allowed the plebs to make governmental proposals, but they still did not have a true voice in the government. For the next two hundred seven years, more rights were granted to plebeians, and â€Å"by 287 B. C. all Roman citizens were equal under the law, and could strive for political office† (Spievogel 120). By now the republic had adopted the Plebiscite, which were laws created by the plebs. For the next one hundred fifty-four years, the Roman Republic thrived, making several conquests, while also establishing allies. Rome and its neighbors of the Italian peninsula were seemingly in a constant feud, which eventually led to a series of battles and wars and â€Å"by 267 B. C. the Romans completed their conquest of southern Italy. After crushing the remaining Etruscan states to the north, Rome had conquered all of Italy, except the extreme north, by 264 B. C. † (Spievogel 120). Rome also established many allies along the way: â€Å"To rule Italy, the Romans devised the Roman confederation in 338 B. C. Under this system, Rome allowed some peoples (especially the Latins) to have full Roman citizenship. Most of the remaining communities were made allies† (Spievogel 120). With the use of these allies and the powerful Roman army, the Romans faced little opposition in conquering Italy. In the course of their expansion throughout Italy, the Romans pursued consistent policies that help explain their success. The Romans excelled at making the correct diplomatic decisions†¦. Though firm and even cruel when necessary, rebellions were crushed without mercy† (Spievogel 120). Incorporating similar strategy that they used in conquering the Italian peninsula, the Romans success continued in their conquest of the majority vast Mediterranean islands and coastlines. Among these conquests were the islands of Corsica and Sardinia, Spain, Macedonia, Carthage, and Pergamum. At this point, almost the entire Mediterranean Sea was controlled Roman Republic, while the government and military continued to be run effectively, But things would soon change. According to Spievogel, due to a snowball effect of social, economic and political issues the decline and fall of the Roman Republic began around 133 B. C. As previously stated, the plebeians and patricians were eventually made equal in all aspects of Roman government and livelihood; however â€Å"the magistracies and senate were increasingly controlled by a relatively select circle of wealthy and powerful families – both patrician and plebeian – called the nobles. From 233 – 133 B. C. , eighty percent of the consuls came from twenty-six families† (Spievogel 134). The voice of the public was becoming muted, which is always a gateway to rebellion and uprising. Like most civilizations before them, the Romans were built on agriculture and farming by individual landowners. These farmers made up the majority of the Roman army as well. â€Å"In order to win the Punic wars, Rome had to increase the term of military service to six years. Now when the soldiers returned after many years of service abroad, they found their farms so deteriorated, that they chose to sell out instead of remaining on the land† (Spievogel 136). The aristocrats also began to accumulate this land and hired slaves to produce a variety of crops that the independent farmers couldn’t compete with. Farmers continued to lose money and property. Consequently, the cities became crowded with these ex-farmers, serving as day laborers. â€Å"This new class of urban proletariat formed a highly unsustainable mass. Thus Rome’s economic, social, and political problems were serious and needed attention† (Spievogel 136). Tiberius Gracchus wanted to fix the growing problem of landless farmers in Rome, thinking it would solve many of the issues causing Rome’s decline. When he was elected as one of the tribunes of the plebs, he passed a bill whereby the government would divide the public land, used by large landowners, among the landless farmers. â€Å"Many senators, themselves large landowners whose estates included tracts of public land, were furious, and a group of them took the law into their own hands and assassinated Tiberius† (Spievogel 136). The death of Tiberius marked the beginning of the end of the Roman Republic. For the next one hundred years, the chaotic Roman government saw more assassinations, dictators, and rebellions. An excerpt from â€Å"Julius Caesar† reads, â€Å"Our first glimpse of Caesar’s Rome shows the tribunes, whose ancient office had been established to protect the people against the nobility’s arrogance, now apparently forced to defend the republic against the people themselves† (Blits 42). Although Rome revolutionized government with a complex, and effective system that is still used as a basis for many governments, it proved to be vulnerable to increasing economic, social, and political issues, which brought about the republics destruction. These events that directly led to Rome’s relapse from a thriving democracy years ahead of its time, with divided power and stability, to a chaotic system of government consisting of dictators and frequent turmoil provide a clear example of the overzealous quest for and misuse of power by several individuals. Sources Blits, Jan H. â€Å"Caesarism and the End of Republican Rome: Julius Caesar, Act I, Scene I. † The Journal of Politics 43. 1 (1981): 40-55. JSTOR. Web. 25 May 2010. Millar, Fergus. â€Å"The Political Character of the Classical Roman Republic, 200-151 B. C. † The Journal of Roman Studies 74 (1984): 1-19. JSTOR. Web. 25 May 2010. Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization. 7th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2009. Print. How to cite The Rise and Decline of the Roman Republic, Papers

Supply Chain Managment Innovation Policies - Business Creation

Question: Discuss about the Supply Chain Managment for Innovation Policies, Business Creation. Answer: Introduction Product development and supply chain is one of the most crucial management issues of a majority of business enterprises in various parts of the world. It not only requires knowledge and technical expertise to manage but also experience and proper management skills. Thus, the fact that I have high level of expertise in supply chain management does not necessarily mean that I may not have any problems in the restructuring of some aspects about Porsche. On that regard, the core purpose of this paper is to provide a discussion platform for analyzing some of the issues that are likely to come up in the course of my establishment and readjustment into the culture of the organization (Stadtler, 2002). 1. There are various underlying challenges that are likely to be encountered in the designing of a concurrent product and supply chain in regards to the key characteristics of the development chain at Porsche. To begin with, creation of a global procurement network that can respond to the procurement needs of the company is likely to be a challenge. More importantly, coming up with a reliable supply chain has always been regarded as one of the most difficult undertakings of most production and supply ventures. Consequently, Porsche will have to find a supplier that will be able to provide the required level of experience and expertise that is likely to make the company to remain at par in its production and supply links which is not an easy task to undertake (Miller, 2002). Another notable challenge that is likely to be encountered in the designing of a concurrent product and supply chain for the company is the underlying difficulties that are substantially involved in the designing and production of quality goods that are likely to satisfy the needs of the consumers. It should be noted that quality is primary tool that consumers would always use in the valuation of the goods and products that are supplied by the producers. Thus, to maintain its sustainability and underlying concurrent product and supply chain management Porsche has a great challenge to fulfill in ensuring that the goods that are produced are of high quality. Also, the fact that the company has decided to change its management means that it will also have the underlying challenge of ensuring that its product and supply chain are improved and concurrent (Stadtler, 2002). Another challenge that may be encountered in the designing of a product and supply chain is the underlying challenge that may be involved in the designing of cost effective production and supply channels. The current world has been subjected to tremendous increase in competition in various aspects of business. Thus, the only way of ensuring that business activities remain competitive and sustainable is by ensuring that production measures that are substantially employed are likely to boost the profit margins of the companies. More importantly, the core objective of any business firm is to make profit. Porsche will have to create a sustainable and concurrent production and supply chain. Thus, creating a cost effective way of production will be a major challenge that the company will have to face in the course of its transition (Morana, 2012). Far from that, Porsche is also likely to find difficulties in trying to adopt the most recent technology that is likely to create a concurrent and more reliable production and supply chain. It should be noted that the current world has been subjected to various technological changes lately and businesses have not been left behind. Companies and organizations are now using technological innovations to boost the effectiveness of their business activities and more so to ensure that they stay competitive in the various business ventures. Thus, the fact that Porsche will also have to undergo the transition means that the designing of effective technological innovation that is likely to boost the concurrence of the production and supply chain of the company means that it will be a difficult task to accomplish (Miller, 2002). 2. Porsche will achieve effective management of logistic costs by ensuring that a number of measures are in place. For instance, the company should ensure that its performance management is up to date. Performance management can be described as the capabilities of the company to identify its abilities, mobilize its workforce, and seizing opportunities. From my individual experience, performance management is clearly shown by how effectively a firm can come up with techniques that are likely to improve the performance scores of their workers. Moreover, the extent by which a given company can align its objectives with that of the employees for the betterment of their productivities is also an essential element of performance management. Furthermore, the underlying ability of organizations to mobilize its employees and resources for the betterment of its productivity has always been an essential element of performance management in HRM. Thus, if the company is to achieve effective manag ement of its logistic costs, performance management will be the best measure that can be employed to foresee the achievement of the objective (Rainey, 2012). The company can also boost the efficiency of managing its logistic costs by ensuring that employees are motivated through reward systems. Other than talent and performance managements, reward managements also a key rationale that is usually used by the HRM to boost their outcome to further levels. Consequently, awards and prizes are typically designed to nurture and encourage specific behaviors amongst the employees for them to meet the needs and objectives of the company. As far as talents are critical for the efficient performance of enterprises, reward systems are usually employed to attract the best talents into the enterprise. From my research studies, I learned that many organizations tend to use an array of rewards like; base pay, bonus, and equity ownership benefits at different levels of the organization to encourage the employees to do their best in their undertakings (Bakan Yildiz, 2010). Far from that, the company will also achieve responsiveness in its supply chain by cultivating good and healthy relationship amongst the employees. Improving the relationship between different employees at particular organizations has evolved into a fair practice that is usually employed by the HRM of companies. As far as the productivity of firms is concerned, enhancing the relationship between different employees is the best technique for fostering collaboration and teamwork at the organizational levels (Morana, 2012). Thankfully, the HRM systems of various organizations tend to enhance and necessitate effective communication amongst their employees as a way of boosting the relationship that exists between them. From my research studies, I learned that since the employees are engines that are designed to propel their companies, there are no better ways of working towards high production in enterprises other than through enhancing the good relationship between the employees. Thus, i f Porsche will have to a chive a workable and efficient responsiveness in its supply chain, ensuring that the employees are in good relations will be a major breakthrough for laying a foundation on that (Stadtler, 2002). Finally, the success of Porsche will rely on how its underlying culture will be cultivated to suit the accomplishment of its goals. The HRM systems of different firms tend to align the best strategies and organizational cultures that are usually aimed at improving their performance scores at various management levels. From my research studies, I learned that the best way of nurturing the management of companies is through the incorporation of competent and resilience leaders in running the affairs of organizations. In addition to that, the company should also ensure that its knowledge management measures are essentially effective. Consequently, firms that have useful techniques for retrieving information from the internet and other relevant platforms have high chances of performing competitively (Cantamessa Montagna, 2015). Therefore, other than using the knowledge that has been acquired to train its employees, the HRM systems of companies also tends to support the employees in attending constructive events and meetings that are likely to boost their knowledge. At the end of the day, the company should also determine whether it is effective in its production and supply measures or not. Perhaps, there are no better ways of measuring the performance scores of companies other through measuring their levels of excellence. That, way it becomes much easier for the HRM to understand where and what to improve on their fundamental practices to propel their organizations towards success. Most importantly, a majority of companies have been considering a push to enhance cost effectiveness of the best technique for promoting excellence in their respective organizations. At the same time, there are critical decisions that are primarily significant in foreseeing companies toward success. Hence, if Porsche is to attain the required efficiency that is required to succeed in supply chain management, it should ensure that the above mentioned interventions are adopted and followed to the latter (Kurke, 2010). 3. The postponement concept as well as repositioning of the push-pull boundary will substantially assist in developing an Assemble-To-Order (ATO) by providing a platform for making production strategies that are likely to constructive to the company. It should be noted that the idea behind ATO is to ensure that production of goods are usually done once the customers have communicated their needs to the company. Thus, repositioning concept will be an instrumental mechanism that will be employed to ensure that the goods that are produced by the company are profitable. It is also worth to note that ATO is usually a major tool that the company may employ to ensure that the goods that are produced are expensive and at the same time they are ordered before being supplied to the consumers. Perhaps, organizational excellence has grown into a core parameter that is usually used to rate different organizations at the global platform. As far as the HRM systems tend to focus on employees, they a lso improve their administration effectiveness to increase their decision-making skills and improving their outcome. Thus, it is extremely worth to consider HR functional excellence at the global level to act as the parameter for fro determining the most suitable strategy that should be employed in the operational ability of companies. ATO is a globally proven measure that can be employed to reduce the amount of risks that are likely to be encountered in production processes of companies by providing the underlying companies with platforms for positioning themselves and ensuring that they are able to produce goods that have been ordered (apolu, 2011). 4. Inventory management and risk pooling may be employed to explain ATO in the sense that it elaborates techniques that may be employed to ensure that risk is managed accordingly. Perhaps, the scope in the growth of risk management issues should have been predictable if not for some of the obstacles that are preventing professionals to define the extent of risks. For instance, the numbers of both man-made as well as natural disasters that are being recorded in various parts of the world are substantially increasing and unpredictable. Thus, the fact that ATO is a production strategy that usually waits for the call of the customers before the production of goods have been made means that is a great way for ensuring that the amount of risks that are likely to be encountered after goods have been produced have been minimized. It should be noted that not all the goods that are usually produced by companies are subjects to purchase by the consumers. Thus, ATO provides a different dimension for ensuring that the amount of risk that is involved in the business is minimized (Morana, 2012). Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that the issue of product development and general supply chain management is a very sensitive issue. Therefore, human resource managers including the top management officials should always be careful in the delegation of duties that are related to product development and supply chain management to ensure smooth running of their companies and organizations. Besides that, they should also cultivate a culture that can easily accommodate the inclusion of flexibility measures in case of changes. More importantly, people should be advised to always create sustainable supply links as well as efficient techniques of production as a way of ensuring that they remain competitive and productive in the various underlying activities that are likely to be involved in their business activities (Miller, 2002). Bibliography Bakan, I. Bulent ,Y. Innovation Strategies and Innovation Problems in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: An Empirical Study.Innovation Policies, Business Creation and Economic Development(2010): 177-211. Web. Cantamessa, M. Francesca, M. Innovation in Business and Society.Management of Innovation and Product Development(2015): 1-15. Web. apolu, G. The Meaning of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries. Innovation Policies, Business Creation and Economic Development(2011): 85-91. Web. Kurke, L., B. The Phenomenology of Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship.Innovation Policies, Business Creation and Economic Development(2010): 95-111. Web. Miller, T. Production Planning And Scheduling.Hierarchical Operations and Supply Chain Planning(2002): 55-93. Web. Morana, J. Sustainable Supply Chain Management Balanced Scorecard.Morana/Sustainable Supply Chain Management Sustainable Supply Chain Management(2013): 139-65. Web. Rainey, D., L. Sustainable Business Development: Overview and Guiding Principles.Sustainable Business Development Inventing the Future through Strategy, Innovation, and Leadership(2012): 13-71. Web. Stadtler, H. Production Planning and Scheduling.Supply Chain Management and Advanced Planning(2002): 177-93. Web.

10 Fascinating Facts About Stick Insects

10 Fascinating Facts About Stick Insects Stick insects are part of the order Phasmatodea (also known as phasmids and walking sticks) and are most often found in subtropical tropical habitats- when you can find them, that is. These amazing bugs are hard to spot because they look so much like twigs- until those twigs get up and walk away, that is. 1. Stick Insects Can Regenerate Limbs Should a bird or other predator grab hold of its leg, a stick insect  can still make an easy escape. Using a special muscle to break it off at a weak joint, the imperiled insect simply sheds the leg in a defensive strategy is known as autotomy. Juvenile stick insects regenerate the missing limb the next time they molt. In some cases, adult stick insects can even force themselves to molt in order to regain a lost leg. 2. Stick Insects Can Reproduce Without Males Stick insects are a nation of Amazonians, able to reproduce almost entirely without males, using a process known as parthenogenesis. Unmated females produce eggs that when mature, become female stick insects. When a male does manage to mate with a female, theres only a 50/50 chance that the offspring of that union will be male. A captive female stick insect can produce hundreds of all-female offspring without ever mating. In fact, there are species of stick insects for which scientists have never found any males. 3. Stick Insects Even Act Like Sticks Stick insects are so named for their effective camouflage among the woody plants where they feed. Theyre typically brown, black, or green, with thin, stick-shaped bodies that help them blend in as they perch on twigs and branches. Some stick insects exhibit lichen-like markings to make their camouflage more authentic but to make the disguise complete, stick insects imitate twigs swaying in the wind by rocking back and forth as they move. 4. Their Eggs Resemble Seeds Stick insect mothers arent the most maternal. While some stick insects females actually make an effort to hide their eggs- sticking them to leaves or bark or placing them in the soil- they typically drop eggs randomly on the forest floor, leaving the youngsters to whatever fate befalls them. Dont be so quick to judge mama stick insect, though. By spreading her eggs out, she lessens the chance of predators finding and eating all of her offspring at once. Its also helpful that the  eggs resemble seeds, so carnivorous predators are less likely to take a closer look. 5. Nymphs Eat Their Molted Skin After a nymph has molted, its vulnerable to predators until its new cuticle darkens and hardens. The castoff skin nearby is a dead giveaway to enemies so the nymph quickly consumes the shriveled exoskeleton to get rid of the evidence, simultaneously recycling the protein it took to create the discarded layer at the same time. 6. Stick Insects Arent Defenseless Stick insects arent venomous but if threatened, one will use whatever means necessary to thwart its attacker. Some will regurgitate a nasty substance to put a bad taste in a hungry predators mouth. Others reflex bleed, oozing a foul-smelling hemolymph from joints in their body. Some of the large, tropical stick insects may use their leg spines, which help them climb, to inflict some pain on an enemy. Stick insects may even direct a chemical spray, much like tear gas, at the offender. 7. Their Eggs May Attract Ants Stick insect eggs that resemble hard seeds have a special, fatty capsule called a capitulum at one end. Ants enjoy the nutritional boost provided by the capitulum and carry the stick insect eggs back to their nests for a meal. After the ants feed on the fats and nutrients, they toss the eggs onto their garbage heap, where the eggs continue to incubate, safe from predators. As the nymphs hatch, they make their way out of the ant nest. 8. Not All Stick Insects Stay Brown Some stick insects can change color, like a chameleon, depending on the background where theyre at rest. Stick insects may also wear bright colors on their wings but keep these flamboyant features tucked away. When a bird or other predator approaches, the stick insect flashes its vibrant wings, then hides them again, leaving the predator confused and unable to relocate its target. 9. Stick Insects Can Play Dead When all else fails, play dead, right? A threatened stick insect will abruptly drop from wherever its perched, fall to the ground, and stay very still. This behavior, called thanatosis, can successfully discourage predators. A bird or mouse may be unable to find the immobile insect on the ground or prefer living prey and move on. 10. Stick Insects Are the Worlds Longest In 2008, a newly discovered stick insect species from Borneo broke the record for longest insect (which had previously been held by another stick insect, Pharnacia serratipes). The Chans Megastick, Phobaeticus chani, measures an incredible 22 inches with legs extended, with a body length of 14 inches. Sources Marshall, Stephen A. Insects: Their Natural History and Diversity. Firefly Books, 2006.Gullan, P.J., and Cranston, P.S. . The Insects: An Outline of Entomology. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

Aeneid Analysis essays

Aeneid Analysis essays The definition of an epic hero is : a figure of imposing stature, of national or international importance, and of great historical orlegendary significance. Aeneas fits this definition perfectly. Aeneas fits this definition perfectly. Aeneas' character is one of great importance. Known far and wide for his many achievements and adventures, Aeneas receives, appropriately, an incredible amount of respect and admiration from many significant characters throughout this book. As far as history and legend goes, Aeneas plays a huge role in both of these. Aeneas influences history through his adventures which are eventually excepted as Rome's national epic, teaching generations to come. Also, Aeneas holds an enormous stake in legends. As a part of legendary literature, Aeneas' adventures come to life, contributing greatly to the legends of today. Aeneas' life is strongly influenced by the many, and often opposing, gods. Throughout his journeys, Aeneas is affected, both positively an d negatively, by the gods. Venus, the goddess of love and mother of Aeneas and Cupid, is one of these influences. As a concerned mother, Venus desperately longs for her son's safety and goes to extreme lengths to aid him and keep him unharmed. One major action she takes that dramatically impacts Aeneas is to conspire her other son, Cupid, to create a love between Aeneas and Queen Dido of Carthage. Wishing to keep Aeneas from harm along his fated journeys, she used Dido as a distraction to keep Aeneas in Carthage. Aeneas' sudden love for Dido does keep him in Carthage for some time and takes his thoughts away from his fate and upon his new love. Aeneas' unnatural love is also encouraged by Juno, the wife of Jupiter (King of the gods) and queen of the gods. Juno does not wish Aeneas to fulfill his destiny. Juno's favorite city is Carthage and Juno knows Rome's fate is to destroy Carthage someday. If Aeneas fulfills his destiny, Rome will become po...

Research and Discuss the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Term Paper

Research and Discuss the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Term Paper Example Key Components and Primary Objectives of the Act: The basic matters identified and revised in the act included the creation of regulatory board to oversee the activities of the public accounting audit firms, revised standards for auditor’s independence and audit committee, requirement of certification of the SEC’s reports by the executives of the public companies, restricts the rules to prevent insider dealings by the directors and executives, increase in the liability for the non-compliance to the federal securities laws and imposes additional responsibility of the attorney to report non compliance and conflict of interests. (Lipman & Lipman. 2006) 1. Establishment of Public Company Oversight Board: Sarbanes Oxley Act established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to oversee the audits of the public listed companies. It was established to regulate the activities of the auditing firms including the issues of quality control, ethics and independence of auditor s. The aim for its establishment was to increase the confidence of investors and general public. 2. Auditor’s Independence: It focused on strengthening the auditor’s independence by prohibiting the provision of non-audit services (book keeping, internal audit, management, HR functions etc.) to the public companies by the external auditors, mandating the rotation of audit partners on a five year basis and rotation of registered public accounting firms and ensuring no ethical issue arises between the external auditors and the company such as conflict of interest. 3. Enhanced Corporate Governance Requirements: The corporate governance requirements were enhanced in many areas which included the role of audit committee which nave been responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of external auditors, who are required to directly report to the audit committee. Further the audit committee should be made up of independent non- executive directors. Sa rbanes Oxley Act further prohibits the maintenance of any credit or loan or extension of the same to directors or executives of the public companies. The Act even requires the executives such as CEO and the CFO of every public company to certify in each annual and quarterly report to the SEC that the reports have been reviewed and make the representation of the effectiveness of controls specified. 4. Enhanced Disclosure Requirements: Sarbanes Oxley Act enhances the disclosure requirements for the public companies which included increased reporting on the effectiveness of internal controls and financial reporting procedures, disclosures on codes of ethics and explanations in case of non-compliance and disclosures about the transactions by the directors, management and other stakeholders that can cause security concerns. 5. Commission Resources and Enhanced Authority: In order for the SEC to work effectively, provision of additional funding was ensured. Apart from that more power and authority was given to SEC and federal courts to be exercised on companies and individuals where prohibitions are required. It requires the federal regulatory bodies to conduct researches and make reports about the credit rating agencies, roles of investment banks and financial advisors, consolidation of accounting firms and some other matters etc. 6. Enhanced Accountability: The Act strict the rules and regulations and imposes stricter and larger penalties regarding the breach of law, exercising improper

Allied Health, Information and Informed Consent Essay

Allied Health, Information and Informed Consent - Essay Example Multidisciplinary care ensures that the team members are able to discuss every aspect of psychological and physical needs of each patient. Multidisciplinary care approach fulfils the best and evidence-based practices for all the patients (Pozgar, 2012) The multidisciplinary care is carried out since it represents the best practice of treatment planning for the patients. It entails a focus on continued care, the development of relevant referral networks that include appropriate pathways to enhance the psychological needs, the development of protocols and pathways for care and treatment. It includes the patients whose cases are discussed by multidisciplinary team. Effective multidisciplinary care entails the improved coordination of the services, great opportunities for participation in clinical trials, improvement in treatment planning and outcomes, improvement in information sharing between the multidisciplinary team members, enhanced management and detection of the patients psychological and emotional needs, and the improved functioning of the team (Pozgar, 2012). The multidisciplinary care has been incorporated in the national clinical practice frameworks, guidelines, frameworks and plans. The multidisciplinary team is focused in treatment planning where the health professionals meet and recommend a treatment plan. Not all the professional treat the patient; as a result, the issues on liability if the patient’s condition worsened derail the multidisciplinary approach. As a result, before any multidisciplinary approach, they had to be the consent of the patient prior to the multidisciplinary meeting, the meeting outcomes should be documented, and the liability implication of the professional team members depended on recommendations of the individual practitioner (Magee, Laroche & Gilligan, 2001). Patients should be informed about the multidisciplinary procedures and meetings, and they should have the

The use of HR Service Centers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The use of HR Service Centers - Term Paper Example Frederick Taylor and his followers introduced the first formal monitoring system prior to World War I. In the year 1950, it was recognized that appraisal is a useful tool for motivation as well as development of the employees. In the year 1970, the term performance management was introduced by Beer and Ruh. The later section of the project deals with the literature review of performance appraisal where previously conducted research has been taken into consideration in order generate to ideas and to make the base stronger. The last two section deals with the problems as well as recommendations for performance appraisal. Human resource management is one of the most important functions for any organization. It deals with matters relating to staffing, skill management, performance management, payroll, training and development, recruitment and selection among others. HRM is a management driven activity, focused on the values of the business, commitment oriented, with diverse strategic scope which gives strong stress on incorporation. This paper deals with the discipline of performance management which is one of the most important aspects of HRM (Armstrong, 2006). Performance management is one of the most important developments in the areas of human resource management. It is a tool which helps to measure the performance of the employees as well as improve their way of working so that the goals of the organization are achieved in an effective and efficient manner. It is very often found that whenever one thinks of performance in an organization, the first thing that comes to our mind is performance of the employees. Infact the performance management must deal with the products or services, programs, processes, departments, organization, teams and groups, etc. 360 degree feedback method is the modern appraisal method which includes feedback from everyone including self ratings, peer review and upward assessment. It helps in

Comparison Between Manufacturing Company and Service Company

Comparison Between Manufacturing Company and Service Company I am going to analyze and discuses on behalf of manufacturing industry (ALKEM LABORATORIES) and service company (WALMART) on the basis of different operations and functions. ALKEM LABORATORIES is INDIA based pharmaceuticals manufacturing company which formulate different types of medicines. it is rated the No 2nd company in the overall antibacterial segment, No.1st in cephalosporin formulation and No.3rd in over all Indian market. Alkem laboratories operates different operations like process design (arranging the stores layout to give smooth and effective flow of customers), product design (designing stylist products that can be flat packed efficiently), job design (making sure that all staff can contribute to the companys success), supply design (locating stores of an appropriate size in the most effective place), etc during manufacturing process as well as other operations. Alkem has many customers in domestic markets (India) and international market (Kenya, Nigeria, south Africa, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Mongolia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Yemen, America, Eurasia, etc.) TRANSFORMATION / MANUFACTURING PROCESSES As per the consideration of TABLET MANUFACTURING process fig.1 shows the basic block diagram of tablet TRANSFORMATION PROCESS FLOW CHART. VISUAL INSPECTION METAL DETECTION SECONDARY PACKING MATERIAL SECONDARY PACKING TRANSFER TO FINISING GOODS STORE GRANULATION 12 COMPRESSION BLISTER OR STRIP PACKING PRIMARY PACKING MATERIAL COATING IF APPLICABLE RM RECEIPT TRANSFER TO MFG AREA Fig. 1 transformation or manufacturing process flow diagram. Granulation is a process by raw materials are mixing as per the required for tablet specification. Granulation take more time in tablet manufacturing process so we can say that this is internal part of bottleneck process. After granulation, compression perform to give specific required shape desired size of tablets. After finish compression process tablets goes to coating area where reduce mask the unpleasant test and odour. Visual inspection machines are used for finding damaged core or coated tablets. The last but not least process is packaging and it divide into two ways i.e. primary packaging with blister and secondary packaging with strip. After completion all these process finishing tablets transfer to finishing goods store as per inventory management. WALMART Wal-Mart is largest retailer service company in the world, headquarter in USA. The first Wal-mart store was opened by Sam Walton in 19961 in Bentonville, Arkansas. Wal-mart adopt different process management during operation like capacity management (coping with fluctuation in demand) , inventory (avoiding running out of products from sale) management, supply chain management (arranging for delivery of products to stores) etc. Wal-mart has worldwide customers. Wal-mart lays lots of values on different emphasis, example associate opportunity, sustainability, responsible sourcing, make large communities. Fig 2 : Wal-mart format Reference:- http://www.walmart.com/cp/All-Departments/121828 Accenture consulting (for fig 2,3,4) Figure3:-wal-mart operating diagram DIVISON WISE SALES Fig4:- Wal-mart Supply Chain complexities COMPARE BETWEEN ALKEM LABORATORIES AND WAL-MART ON THE BASIS OF COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES CORPORATE STRATEGY Comparison on the basis of COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES ALKEM LEBORETORIES WAL-MART COST; High cost No No Low cost Yes Yes QUALITY; Top quality yes No Consistent quality Yes Yes TIME; Delivery speed No No On time delivery Yes Yes FLEXIBILITY; customization Yes No Variety Yes Yes Volume flexibility Yes No Competitive priorities is a factors that can deliver cost, quality, time, flexibility, etc. that define satisfy by internal and external customer requirements. It also has ability to maintain existing as well as new customer demand. ( Krajewski, page no.30) The Similarity between ALKEM laboratories and Wal-mart on the basis of competitive priorities are; Low cost Consistent quality On time delivery variety ALKEM laboratories and WAL-MART has low cost, because ALKEM has its own industry to formulate many types of raw materials (granules). which is very near to product manufacturing unit and other reason that many customer in the market. Apart from this causes they have own biogas plant which produce half electricity of the total consumption. WAL-MART also has low cost priority because today market facing with too competition so they need to maintain customers and loyalty and it can only happen with provide low cost product without affecting quality. One reason for low cost is their world impact i.e. world no.1 supplier as supermarket services. Consistence quality is all about expectations of the external customers specification on the consistent basis. ALKEM laboratories provide consistence quality because they have separate quality and control department to assure about quality. So that they always keep the defect free quality parameters due to update production process after every steps of manufacturing process. WAL-MART also carry consistent quality performance for that achieve customers loyalty. It provide defect less product in the selves they cannot compromise with customers faith. WAL-MAET always monitor consistently of defectively product and manufacturing date and its expiry date. On time delivery is also an essential similarity of both company ALKEM and WAL-MART. In pharmaceutical company like ALKEM has on time delivery because it products has limited period of time, and protect market reputation so that it carry on time delivery to avoid product waste and customer unsatisfaction. Same condition is apply in WAL-MART because they also tend to fulfil all satisfaction of customers and their demand by product. ALKEM laboratories provides different types of medicines (different types of tablets, injections, dry powder syrups, liquid syrups, etc ) as per the customer requirements and demand. ALKEM laboratories has cephalosporin formulation group and antibacterial segment group that is unique variety in Indian market. WAL-MART also provides large range of variety with different brands with different products as per all types of customers considerations regarding cost, variations etc. The dissimilarity between ALKEM laboratories and Wal-mart on the basis of competitive priorities are; Top quality Customization Volume flexibility ALKEM laboratories provide top quality because ALKEM formulate cephalosporin formulation product which has high customer interaction and involvement. Customer interaction all about unique product like cephalosporin and antibacterial medicine that are only provide by ALKEM laboratories in Indian market with desired quantity, durability, hardness, etc. ALKEM product has more demanding by customers so its also one of reason to make top quality product company. ALKEM try to satisfy each and every customer with their desirable medicine (with effective and quick action without any sidefect ). Their competitive priority is a customisation. They formulate medicine depend upon the age like children (0 11 years), teenagers (12 17 years), adults (18 32 years) etc. because every does of medicine is defend by parameters quantity of quality depend on age. Medicine also characterise by design shape and test which also depend on age, for example children likes sweets medicine with small size of tablets, etc. ALKEM laboratories has large volume flexibility because they are able to expand product manufacturing capacity as per customer demand. The volume flexibility basically carry depend on demand and requirement. Comparison on the basis of CORPORATE STRATEGY Corporate strategy is a strategy which provides positions itself in its global, economic, political and social environment. In other words corporate strategy gives positioning of a corporation and the business. Corporate strategy consists with Environmental scanning, Developing core competencies ( workforce, facilities, market and financial, systems and technology ), developing core processes and global strategy. (reference:- lecture slides notes OM book by Robert Johnston 5th edition; page no 92 ) CORPORATE STRATEGY ALKEM LEBORETORIES WAL-MART Cost leadership Yes Yes Product leadership Yes No Customer intimacy Yes Yes Cost leadership ALKEM laboratories and WAL-MART both caries cost leadership. ALKEM lab use cost leadership to increase maximum share. As I discussed in above, ALKEM deliver low cost product with high quality product because they have own generate raw materials by fully automated system so they also minimize labour cost. WAL-MART has worldwide branches with no.1 position in their field so certainly market share also increase by cost leadership technique. WAL-MART has gained maximum share price in USA market by the using cot effective technique as compare with other competitors. It has variety of items with variety of price so it able to satisfy customers with effective less cost. (reference by OM book page 47) Product leadership ALKEM laboratories is a product leadership company because they are providing effective unique quality of medicine in the market by considering each different types of customers need. So cost also differ from variation in but ALKEM never compromise its quality with cost. WAL-MART does not caries product leadership because it only concentrate on how to minimize cost of the product to stand up in the service market with customer satisfaction. (reference by OM book 8th page 47) Customer intimacy ALKEM laboratories as well as WAL-MART both has customer intimacy because they both have technique to understand and maintain existing and new customers requirements. WAL-MART use measuring card so that they are able to know customer interest. ALKEM lab also use measuring chart for that measure customer interaction, this can measure yearly or half yearly. So by this technique both companies are able to find customer intimacy. PART B Critically analyze Capacity planning Capacity planning which define excess level of output in operation, process, facility etc. of any organization. Information is very much acceptable to build a successful capacity plan or decisions for an organization. Now, here I am going to critically describe timing and sizing expansions as wait-and-see strategy; Timing and sizing expansion consists with expansion strategy and wait-and-see strategy. The expansion strategy which involves large infrequent jumps in capacity that is predictable. Wait-and-see strategy which involves smaller prediction or short term prediction. This type of capacity planning is preferred by many of organization but not in all organization. wait-and-see strategy cannot be applicable in pharmaceutical (ALKEM laboratories) company, because during manufacturing medicine get expire date. so if company predict more or less during manufacturing and it cannot be sale after manufacturing than company get loss. Therefore pharmaceutical (ALKEM) company always aware about this condition and formulate product that are demanded by other parties. (reference by notes OM book Krajewski 8th ed Nigel slack 5th ed, page no 320) Inventory management Inventory is nothing but it is stock of an organization where goods or finished goods are stored . Generally types of inventory depend on different organization because it change time to time as per demand requirement, but in general there are five types of inventory. Name them buffer or safety inventory, cycle inventory, decoupling inventory, anticipation inventory, and pipeline inventory. Managing inventory is big challenge for every organization because excess inventory gives less profits but less inventory gives more profits. Now, here I am going to critically describe cycle inventory and ABC control inventory; cycle inventory: Cycle inventory is for a product that having consistent demand or supply in market. We can also say that cycle inventory is a time bond inventory which supply demand at a specified time while product available in market or not. Example weekly, monthly, etc. organization specially retailers like wal-mart to have safety stock, and avoid the use of cycle inventory to protect themselves from running out of stock of products in excess demand or any discontinuity in supply chain. That will affect the trust and reliability factor that they have with their customer`s. ALKEM laboratories also avoid cycle inventory because its demand not at a consistent level at all time by supplier or customer. For example in one week customer demand for 10 thousand tablets strips but in next week or any other week customer demand for 2 thousand tablets strips. So variation in demand cannot fulfill by the use of cycle inventory. (reference by notes OM book Krajewski 8th ed Nigel slack 5th ed, page no 396 ) Supply chain Supply chain is a network that connect firms core process it may be internal or external, like raw materials delivery from warehouse to manufacturing unit, customer and supplier relationship, etc. It provide to achieve competitive priorities. Supply chain gives the information about bottleneck process and try to minimize this concept. It also providing lower operating cost and reduce inventory. The main aim of supply chain is to meet the end customer requirements and satisfaction. Supply chain may also define as, the tier of organizations their facilities, functions, activities that are involved in producing and delivering a product or service. Now, here I am going to critically describe outsourcing; Outsourcing is a way of process by which a organization takes the services of other company or firm and pays them for their services or materials. This can be only happen when two firms has same kinds of product manufacturing. AKKEM laboratories Pharmaceutical cannot use or prefer outsourcing because it will affect the quality parameters and if the quality parameters are not matched by even very small size, the results might be very big disasters. Medicine should be more perfection because it related with our life so ALKEM pharmaceutical company never want to be compromise with customer life. For example ALKEM company has 1.000% perfection products and other one pharmaceutical company has 1.001% perfection products. So ALKEM company never want be compromise with 0.001% less perfection. (reference by notes OM book Krajewski 8th edition, page no 47) Performance Measure Performance measurement is a activity that measure whole performance of process operation. This performance objective consists with quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and financial these all are measure by composite with customer satisfaction, overall service operation level. Performance measure also concern with constraint management like inventory, throughput, operating expense and utilization of all process. By using some techniques we can find performance measurement such as Performance matrix Six sigma technique Balance score card (Kaplan and Norton) Balance score card represent whole business strategic positions. It measure past financial conditions of an organizations. The balance scorecard measurement taken with the help of Kaplan and Norton. Balance scorecard provide important information about organization strategic so, that easy to measure performance of an organization. The only benefits of this process measurement is to give performance result in a single report. fig 5. Measure used in the balanced scorecard In financial performance, it performe past measurement of profits, shereholder interest, capital market structure, etc. this gives idea to make target plane for future market. In internal process perfprmance, it measure efficiency of manufacturing production speed, employee perfomance, etc. In Learning and growth performance, it measure and try to implement technological affect, innovative work, new product development, etc. In customer performance, it tend to evaluate customer feedback, customer rate of satisfaction, etc. Now, here I am going to critically describe about Balance score card; The balance score card does not show any future aspects. It only gives the past financial aspects or can measure financial aspects along with the past financial performances. It does not indicate what problems will come or occurs in future and does not provide any solutions for those problem. Balance scorecard not acceptable by ALKEM laboratories firms because it gives past financial measurement which is not quite good to make future plane . By the use of balance score card organization or company are not able to evaluate adequate future value through investment in customers, suppliers, employees, process, technology and innovation. So this performance measurement are also not accepted by ALKEM laboratories. (Reference:- notes Operations management, by Robert Johnston page no 613) Total quality management (TQM) Total quality management is a key of success of any organization or industry. In other words Total Quality Management is a way by which any organization or industry can get more quality and assurance with the help of three main principle that are Customer satisfaction, Employee involvement, and continuous improvement. Customer satisfaction is very much important because, it is a path to that any organization can achieve high level of loyalty and product demand. This satisfaction is achieved by specification of product, values, durability, support, and mental attraction. Employee involvement is a second success key for organization or industry. In this step every employee contribute his full potential work to develop cultural change i.e. time to time modification in production, technology, new innovation, etc in every sector and build a strong team to take effective decision. Quality at source is main that describe inspect defected product and after solve and proceed it in process, where it created. Continuous improvement is an improvement that indicate performance increment which can be more and smaller. Continuous improvement is also known as Kaizen which is Japanese words. Every organizations aim is to build image in market by attractive product launch so modification is very much important with innovative machine technology by this continuous improvement organization get accelerative benefits in less time. Now, here I am going to critically describe about Quality at source; TQM is applicable for more firm but not all firm. In the case of pharmaceutical company quality at source which is part of TQM is not accepted by pharmacy company because Quality at source say that, at every step should need to provide required quality parameters without inspectors for rechecking the quality but when the matter of life death as in considerable in ALKEM pharmaceutical firm this cannot be apply. So this part of Total quality management cannot apply in ALKEM laboratories, because it necessary to make sure at every step the exact quality maintained to avoid any disaster. (reference by notes OM book Krajewski 8th ed Nigel slack 5th ed, page no 563 ) PART C Evaluating mix I have chosen wait-and-see, cycle inventory, outsourcing, balance scorecard, and quality at source in part B so behalf of these topic, Now here, I am going to evaluate its impact on ALKEM laboratories firm on the basis of Competitiveness, Innovation and Sustainability. Competitiveness It provide services and product that full fill the criteria of quality, services standards with acceptable profits. ALKEM pharmaceutical laboratories cannot prefer wait-and-see strategy because by expanding its production, it may result in over production and the product has limited self life and due to this the chances of expiring before consumption increase. So it loss the product and investment. In the cycle inventory concept, ALKEM can loss its competitiveness because in case of fluctuation in demand from market, they will not able to withstand and hence will causes customer unsatisfaction, delivery time failure and loss the customer loyalty. Outsourcing is another factor which should be avoided because it causes product quality variation but in case of ALKEM laboratories i.e. quality oriented firm, where quality is first goal. So they cannot compromise quality with cost. Balance scorecard also a part of competitiveness loss because it does not indicate future financial performance, customer target etc due to having past measurement ability. Similarly ALKEM laboratories cannot recommend qualit y at source technique because increasing the chance of quality decrease. Innovation It is idea that transfer economical cost and satisfy specific requirement. Innovation is essential, it has to be used. Innovation has great impact on wait-and-see strategy because when higher production is required in short time than innovation and technology are the key points to be used together and improved to achieve the goals by increasing machine/ process efficiency. ALKEM laboratories should not used cycle inventory, but should innovate new process which are cost effective and productive for achieving customer satisfaction and market share. In term of outsourcing company cannot develop their ability in technology and innovation field with their product because in this term company develop their product with collaborate company. So ALKEM laboratories should not use outsourcing operation that might affect in quality as well as increase in cost and result will, loss customer faith. Balance scorecard gives the measurement of past financial performance, so that ALKEM laboratories should not use this technique that affect high financial, customer and proce ss development target. New era and innovation technique use to achieve improvement and high performance and their set target. Quality at source should not use in ALKEM laboratories, here innovation play vital role that means company should inspect the protect after every process steps to find out any problems and can hence become able to innovate new process of resourcing and making sure they are not happening again. Sustainability It is way of Ability to maintain an activity or process over the long term. Sustainability is main key to identify product durability, strength, etc. it growth is depend on natural condition or resources. Now in sustainability condition ALKEM pharmaceutical laboratories should need to prefer wait-and-see strategy, because it gives predictable production, so it is a way of continuous improvement or growth that affect the economy growth during natural disaster or unwanted natural condition, but apart from environment condition wait-and-see strategy should not be applicable in ALKEM laboratories. In the cycle inventory concept, ALKEM can loss its sustainability because in case natural disaster they will not able to maintain their customer demand so that result will causes like customer unsatisfaction, delivery time failure and loss the customer loyalty. Outsourcing is another one which should need to be avoided by ALKEM laboratories because they have limited time period of product and also it causes product quality variation so that it loss durability and stren gth over a long time period. Balance scorecard also a part of sustainability loss because it does not indicate future financial growth, customer target etc that indicate how sustain in market environment so ALKEM should not be use this concept. Similarly ALKEM laboratories should not recommend quality at source technique because increasing the chance of quality decrease that are not suitable for durability condition. CONCLUSION Thus, I have studied and evaluate different operation technique use in an organisation to make and maintain effective operation. I have also analyse all different operation which is not applicable / suitable for all type of company or organisation. So after this study, I have analysed that without operation management technique, organization cannot stay in challenging market. Indeed operation management is the effective weapon. SUMMARY The aim of this task is to elaborate different concept, approach and important of management operations, which are apply or may be apply in two different organization. The description contain, Comparison on the basis of competitive priorities i.e. cost, quality, delivery speed, volume, variety, etc. and corporate strategy i.e. customer relationship, product development, service modification, order maintain, etc. Apart from comparison this description also elaborate different theoretical concept and its evaluation and impact such as capacity planning, inventory management, supply chain, performance measurement, and total quality management. evaluation impact description based on new era and environment.

Partnerships :: Business Work Job Essays

Partnerships Businesses and schools have been involved with each other since the late 1800s, and their relationship formalized into partnerships since the late 1970s. However, the conditions in the United States in the early 1980s-the education crisis in public schools, the low skill level of entry-level workers, and the demands of an evolving economy-accelerated the development of these partnerships. "Between 1983-1984 and 1987-88, the number of business/education partnerships rose from 42,200 to 140,800" (Grobe et al. 1993, p. 4). As they expanded in number, these partnerships also expanded in dimension, from simple one-to-one agreements to complex multiagency collaborative arrangements. This expansion of partners and agendas has resulted in an expansion of benefits for all of the partners embracing the partnership goals. This Digestis designed to bring new perspective to an understanding of business/education partnerships. Traditionally, these partnerships have been viewed from the perspective of the benefits to education. This Digest highlights the ways in which partnering with education benefits business. History of Partnerships Initially, educational partnerships were created by school system staff to "foster school-community cooperation, provide incentives for students, supplement curriculum and staff, and obtain equipment" (Clark 1992, p. 2). Business gains from these relationships were primarily in improved public relations and enhanced community image (Grobe et al. 1993). In the early 1980s, school reform reports called for changes that would ultimately transform the nature of education and business partnerships. Schools were faced with the need for educational reform measures that would better prepare a diverse student population for the higher order thinking and reasoning skills required in an increasingly knowledge-based, service-driven economy. Businesses were faced with the threat of an inadequately prepared work force that would jeopardize their competition with other industrialized nations. Motivated to improve the academic and technical skills of the future work force, businesses and schools joi ned in partnerships of various sizes and types to achieve their common and separate goals. Types of Partnerships The type and nature of business/education partnerships vary depending upon the need the partnership is created to serve. In the one-to-one institutional partnership, the needs of one school and/or one business drive the agreement. Traditionally, business is the benefactor and the school the beneficiary. With this arrangement, schools benefit from the generosity of their business partners by receiving up-to-date equipment, incentives for student attendance and scholarship, and opportunities for students to learn about the real-world application of knowledge and skill. Businesses' involvement in