A Clockwork Orange and the Inviolability of Free Will Free Essay Example, 750 words

Sentenced to fourteen years in prison, his first years in prison are a challenge for him, the guards are oppressive and merciless; also other prisoners want to rape him. However as time passes Alex's life in prison becomes easier, he befriends the prison chaplain who later learns of Alex's interest in the Bible. The chaplain lets Alex read in the prison chapel and allows him to listen to classical music. One day after killing a cellmate, the prison management select Alex as a candidate for an experimental treatment called the Ludovico that involves brainwashing through incorporating associative learning. After several treatments Alex is no longer violent, this was a massive success for the law and order department as they could now release non-vicious prisoner once undertaken through the Ludovico treatment (Books of The Times). After two years, Alex is released a harmless human being incapable of vicious acts, however from this transition life is difficult for him as those he wronge d start revenging on him. The old gang who are police officers revenge on Alex by beating him up, Alex crawls to the cottage where he had beaten up a man and raped his wife. We will write a custom essay sample on A Clockwork Orange and the Inviolability of Free Will or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Alex is envious of Pete and decides that he also wants such a life for himself; his final thoughts in the book are of him and his future son. All through the book, the theme of the inviolability of free will is evident; more than anything, it is evident that the author holds onto the belief that the freedom of choosing is a big human attribute which means that the presence of the moral choice distinguishes human beings from lower animals and machines.

Edgar Allan Poe and His Works Essay - 1013 Words

Thesis: Edgar Allan Poe was one of the most influential, yet misunderstood writers in American Literature. I. His Early Life A. His Adoption B. His Education II. His Later Life A. Books Published B. Military Life III. The Conclusion of His Life A. His Marriage B. His Death IV. His Works V. What Others Thought Of Him Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, known as a poet and critic but most famous as the first master of the short story form, especially tales of the mysterious and macabre. Since his early death, the literary qualities of Poes writings have been disputed, but his works have remained popular and he influenced many major American and European writers. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Poe was†¦show more content†¦The following year his tale A MS. Found in a Bottle won a contest sponsored by the Baltimore Saturday Visitor. In 1835, Poe received a job as editor of the Southern Literary Messenger. He held this job until 1837. In 1836, he married his young cousin, Virginia (Anderson, 35-44). Throughout the next decade, much of which was marred by his wifes long illness, Poe worked as an editor for various periodicals in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and in New York City. In 1847, Virginia died and Poe himself became ill; his disastrous addiction to liquor and his alleged use of drugs, may have contributed to his early death (Anderson, 123). About a dozen of Poes poems are remarkable for their flawless literary construction and for their haunting themes and meters. In The Raven, for example, melancholy and omens of death overwhelm the narrator (Collected Tales, 943). Lenore mourns the death of a beautiful young woman (Collected Tales, 946). Poes extraordinary manipulation of rhythm and sound is particularly evident in The Bells, a poem that seems to echo with the chiming of metallic instruments (Collected Tales, 954). Annabel Lee is another poem that grieves the passing of a young woman (Collected Tales, 957). The Sleeper, is a remarkable poem that reproduces the state of drowsiness (Collected Tales, 965). Poe worked primarily as a book reviewer and produced a significant body of criticism; his essays wereShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe And His Works1496 Words   |  6 Pages Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most well-known authors in the history of literature. He is best known for his works of poetry and short stories. His works have affected not only literature in America, but around the world. Mainly centered on death, tragedy, and despair, his work mirrored those themes that constructed his life. It is by examining his works, in the context of his life experiences, that we are able to see a direct correlation between his life’s situations and the topics he chose toRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe: His Life and Works705 Words   |  3 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was born in Massachusetts in 1809 and was orphaned by the time by the age of 2 (Fisher ix). Edgar lived with his godparents, and excelled in school but he had an irascible temper and was prone to alcoholism (Fisher vi). He first began his writing career by entering several â€Å"fiction contests† that was being held by newspapers in New England, and went on to write and publish 1 novel, and several short stories and poems (Fisher vii). He married his 14 year old cousin in 1836 and supportedRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : His Life Influenced His Work1093 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe: How His Life Influenced His Work Edgar Allan Poe was an American author known for his works of depression and misfortune. Throughout his lifetime, Poe would never gain fame. It was only after his death that the true genius of Edgar Allan Poe was discovered. Poe frequently used his life occurrences—as terrible as they were—to influence his writings. It is through his writings that one can delve into the mind of Edgar Allan Poe and discover how his life truly was. Edgar Allan PoeRead MoreBrianna Ruiz-Vannerson. Leonard Miller. Enc1102. Feb. 231548 Words   |  7 PagesFeb. 23 2017 The Compelling Mind of Edgar Allan Poe Through: â€Å"Lenore† and â€Å"The Raven† Throughout the life of esteemed author Edgar Allan Poe, there have been many time that this extraordinary man’s life has been turned upside down with grief. His first encounter with this wretched demon was when he was no older than three years of age. The mother who birthed him dies and his father abandons them before her death (â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†). He then is separated from his brother and sister, William and RosalieRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe; Fame Inspired by a Tragic Life865 Words   |  4 Pagespoet, Edgar Allan Poe, had been plagued by grief from an early age. He was an amazing poet and author who just happened to have a darker story. Many who have studied this prestigious man feel that his works, though magnificent, were extremely dark. Some believe it was nothing more then a fancy for him to spin such gruesome tales. Others feel his work was manipulated by the misfortune of his past. These people have actually found evidence that agrees with this statement. Th e works of Edgar Allan PoeRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe Research Paper1195 Words   |  5 PagesNick Nedzweckas Mrs. Merriam Lit and Comp 1 2 December 2010 Edgar Allan Poe His works and life relating to â€Å"Annabel Lee† [pic] Many poets and story writers write their stories based upon events and aspects of their life. They do this because it is so relatable and easy to write about because there is some truth in the words. Edgar Allan Poe is said to be one of these because his stories actually relate to his tragic, love stricken life. He is known to lead an overall depressingRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : The Tale Heart, The Fall Of The House Of Usher, And Annabel Lee Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is well known for his poetry. Edgar Allan Poe was not only a world renowned poet, but he is also known as being a writer of short stories, as well as known for being a critic. Edgar Allan Poe has many literary works; quite possibly the most famous one being The Raven. Some of Edgar Allan Poe’s other famous works include The Tell-Tale Heart, The Fall of the House of Usher, and Annabel Lee. Edgar Allan Poe is also known as being a Romanticist, due to the factRead MoreThe Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout the life of Edgar Allan Poe, he suffered many unfortunate events and endured several difficult situations. Some speculate that it was these experiences that helped to formulate the famous writing style of Edgar Allan Poe. His dark tales such as The Masque of the Red Death and The Tell-Tale Heart are horrific, and his poems such as Alone and The Raven show evidence that his life experiences influenced their dr eariness. Poes story plots and his own life are undeniably related andRead MoreInfluence That Endures Ever More: Edgar Allan Poe908 Words   |  4 PagesInfluence That Endures Ever More: Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe once said, â€Å"Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality.† Edgar Allan Poe was one of the most influential people in literary history and his words had the great power to impress the mind. More than 150 years after the death of Edgar Allan Poe, his writings are still influencing and inspiring writers today. Edgar Allan Poe was one of the a greatest literary influences of the 19th century andRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven And The Fall Of The House Of Usher 896 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is an extremely well known American writer and is famous for his horrific and mysterious works such as, â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher.† Poe was born in 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts in an era that seems to have many dark and ominous writers and pieces of literature originating from that time period. Poe is said to have launched the interest in many of the detect ive type stories that we read from modern day writers. â€Å"In the early 1800s, romanticism was the dominant

The Rise and Decline of the Roman Republic Free Essays

R. Griffin Professor Terry HIST 101 26 May 2010 The Rise and Decline of the Roman Republic To this day, there have been few governmental declines comparable to that of the Roman Republic. Once a thriving republic with an established system of government, Rome was the first society in which any free citizen could have a say, directly or indirectly, in governmental actions and decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise and Decline of the Roman Republic or any similar topic only for you Order Now For years, this stability of the government corresponded to several conquests, and the future of the Republic appeared to be very bright; however, increasing economic, social, and political issues tore apart a government, which appeared to be flawless. The events that directly led to Rome’s relapse from a thriving republic years ahead of its time, with divided power and stability, to a chaotic system of government consisting of dictators and frequent turmoil provide a clear example of the misuse of power by several individuals. This research will explain the events and circumstances that directly lead to the decline of the Roman republic. By 287 B. C. Rome had created a governmental system years ahead of it’s time. Rome modified this political system several times over the years in order to deal with internal conflicts and managed to establish a complex, yet organized government. The Romans had a clear concept of executive authority, embodied in their word, imperium, or ‘the right to command’† (Spielvogel 117). Atop the chain of command were the two consuls and praetor. These elected officials served one-year terms, with the consuls having a military focus and the praetor having a political focus. A s the Roman republic expanded, pro-praetors and pro-consuls, who previously served as consuls and praetors, were also appointed to govern the Roman provinces. Furthermore, Administrators, or officials with specialized duties helped assisting the Consuls and Praetor. Quaestors were in charge of overseeing financial affairs. Aediles supervised the games. Also, Censors were appointed to gather an assessment of the population. The main purpose of establishing this position was to aid in formulating taxes. A major modification that solidified Rome as a governed republic was the addition of the senate. It consisted of three hundred advising elders who served life-long terms. Since they did not have legislative authority, they could not make laws. Finally, the Centuriate Assembly contained high ranking Roman army officers functioning in a political role. â€Å"By any reasonable standards the constitution worked smoothly. There was no interruption in the annual election of office holders, and not a single Roman is known to have been killed, or even injured, in political violence during the period† (Millar 2). The Roman population consisted of the Patricians and Plebeians, with the plebs being the majority. The Plebeians, who were underprivileged and poor, opposed the aristocratic patricians because they did not have the same rights as them. Moreover, the patricians controlled the entire government, and the hard-working farmers and small landowners of the plebeian group could not hold office and have someone to represent them politically. When the plebs became tired of the inequality of the government they essentially went on strike and left Rome. â€Å"The patricians, realizing that they could not defend Rome by themselves, were forced to compromise. Two new officials known as the tribunes of the plebs were instituted. These tribunes were given the power to protect the plebeians from arrest by patrician magistrates. Moreover, a new popular assembly for plebeians only, called the council of the plebs, was created in 471 B. C. † (Spievogel 118). This allowed the plebs to make governmental proposals, but they still did not have a true voice in the government. For the next two hundred seven years, more rights were granted to plebeians, and â€Å"by 287 B. C. all Roman citizens were equal under the law, and could strive for political office† (Spievogel 120). By now the republic had adopted the Plebiscite, which were laws created by the plebs. For the next one hundred fifty-four years, the Roman Republic thrived, making several conquests, while also establishing allies. Rome and its neighbors of the Italian peninsula were seemingly in a constant feud, which eventually led to a series of battles and wars and â€Å"by 267 B. C. the Romans completed their conquest of southern Italy. After crushing the remaining Etruscan states to the north, Rome had conquered all of Italy, except the extreme north, by 264 B. C. † (Spievogel 120). Rome also established many allies along the way: â€Å"To rule Italy, the Romans devised the Roman confederation in 338 B. C. Under this system, Rome allowed some peoples (especially the Latins) to have full Roman citizenship. Most of the remaining communities were made allies† (Spievogel 120). With the use of these allies and the powerful Roman army, the Romans faced little opposition in conquering Italy. In the course of their expansion throughout Italy, the Romans pursued consistent policies that help explain their success. The Romans excelled at making the correct diplomatic decisions†¦. Though firm and even cruel when necessary, rebellions were crushed without mercy† (Spievogel 120). Incorporating similar strategy that they used in conquering the Italian peninsula, the Romans success continued in their conquest of the majority vast Mediterranean islands and coastlines. Among these conquests were the islands of Corsica and Sardinia, Spain, Macedonia, Carthage, and Pergamum. At this point, almost the entire Mediterranean Sea was controlled Roman Republic, while the government and military continued to be run effectively, But things would soon change. According to Spievogel, due to a snowball effect of social, economic and political issues the decline and fall of the Roman Republic began around 133 B. C. As previously stated, the plebeians and patricians were eventually made equal in all aspects of Roman government and livelihood; however â€Å"the magistracies and senate were increasingly controlled by a relatively select circle of wealthy and powerful families – both patrician and plebeian – called the nobles. From 233 – 133 B. C. , eighty percent of the consuls came from twenty-six families† (Spievogel 134). The voice of the public was becoming muted, which is always a gateway to rebellion and uprising. Like most civilizations before them, the Romans were built on agriculture and farming by individual landowners. These farmers made up the majority of the Roman army as well. â€Å"In order to win the Punic wars, Rome had to increase the term of military service to six years. Now when the soldiers returned after many years of service abroad, they found their farms so deteriorated, that they chose to sell out instead of remaining on the land† (Spievogel 136). The aristocrats also began to accumulate this land and hired slaves to produce a variety of crops that the independent farmers couldn’t compete with. Farmers continued to lose money and property. Consequently, the cities became crowded with these ex-farmers, serving as day laborers. â€Å"This new class of urban proletariat formed a highly unsustainable mass. Thus Rome’s economic, social, and political problems were serious and needed attention† (Spievogel 136). Tiberius Gracchus wanted to fix the growing problem of landless farmers in Rome, thinking it would solve many of the issues causing Rome’s decline. When he was elected as one of the tribunes of the plebs, he passed a bill whereby the government would divide the public land, used by large landowners, among the landless farmers. â€Å"Many senators, themselves large landowners whose estates included tracts of public land, were furious, and a group of them took the law into their own hands and assassinated Tiberius† (Spievogel 136). The death of Tiberius marked the beginning of the end of the Roman Republic. For the next one hundred years, the chaotic Roman government saw more assassinations, dictators, and rebellions. An excerpt from â€Å"Julius Caesar† reads, â€Å"Our first glimpse of Caesar’s Rome shows the tribunes, whose ancient office had been established to protect the people against the nobility’s arrogance, now apparently forced to defend the republic against the people themselves† (Blits 42). Although Rome revolutionized government with a complex, and effective system that is still used as a basis for many governments, it proved to be vulnerable to increasing economic, social, and political issues, which brought about the republics destruction. These events that directly led to Rome’s relapse from a thriving democracy years ahead of its time, with divided power and stability, to a chaotic system of government consisting of dictators and frequent turmoil provide a clear example of the overzealous quest for and misuse of power by several individuals. Sources Blits, Jan H. â€Å"Caesarism and the End of Republican Rome: Julius Caesar, Act I, Scene I. † The Journal of Politics 43. 1 (1981): 40-55. JSTOR. Web. 25 May 2010. Millar, Fergus. â€Å"The Political Character of the Classical Roman Republic, 200-151 B. C. † The Journal of Roman Studies 74 (1984): 1-19. JSTOR. Web. 25 May 2010. Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization. 7th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2009. Print. How to cite The Rise and Decline of the Roman Republic, Papers

Supply Chain Managment Innovation Policies - Business Creation

Question: Discuss about the Supply Chain Managment for Innovation Policies, Business Creation. Answer: Introduction Product development and supply chain is one of the most crucial management issues of a majority of business enterprises in various parts of the world. It not only requires knowledge and technical expertise to manage but also experience and proper management skills. Thus, the fact that I have high level of expertise in supply chain management does not necessarily mean that I may not have any problems in the restructuring of some aspects about Porsche. On that regard, the core purpose of this paper is to provide a discussion platform for analyzing some of the issues that are likely to come up in the course of my establishment and readjustment into the culture of the organization (Stadtler, 2002). 1. There are various underlying challenges that are likely to be encountered in the designing of a concurrent product and supply chain in regards to the key characteristics of the development chain at Porsche. To begin with, creation of a global procurement network that can respond to the procurement needs of the company is likely to be a challenge. More importantly, coming up with a reliable supply chain has always been regarded as one of the most difficult undertakings of most production and supply ventures. Consequently, Porsche will have to find a supplier that will be able to provide the required level of experience and expertise that is likely to make the company to remain at par in its production and supply links which is not an easy task to undertake (Miller, 2002). Another notable challenge that is likely to be encountered in the designing of a concurrent product and supply chain for the company is the underlying difficulties that are substantially involved in the designing and production of quality goods that are likely to satisfy the needs of the consumers. It should be noted that quality is primary tool that consumers would always use in the valuation of the goods and products that are supplied by the producers. Thus, to maintain its sustainability and underlying concurrent product and supply chain management Porsche has a great challenge to fulfill in ensuring that the goods that are produced are of high quality. Also, the fact that the company has decided to change its management means that it will also have the underlying challenge of ensuring that its product and supply chain are improved and concurrent (Stadtler, 2002). Another challenge that may be encountered in the designing of a product and supply chain is the underlying challenge that may be involved in the designing of cost effective production and supply channels. The current world has been subjected to tremendous increase in competition in various aspects of business. Thus, the only way of ensuring that business activities remain competitive and sustainable is by ensuring that production measures that are substantially employed are likely to boost the profit margins of the companies. More importantly, the core objective of any business firm is to make profit. Porsche will have to create a sustainable and concurrent production and supply chain. Thus, creating a cost effective way of production will be a major challenge that the company will have to face in the course of its transition (Morana, 2012). Far from that, Porsche is also likely to find difficulties in trying to adopt the most recent technology that is likely to create a concurrent and more reliable production and supply chain. It should be noted that the current world has been subjected to various technological changes lately and businesses have not been left behind. Companies and organizations are now using technological innovations to boost the effectiveness of their business activities and more so to ensure that they stay competitive in the various business ventures. Thus, the fact that Porsche will also have to undergo the transition means that the designing of effective technological innovation that is likely to boost the concurrence of the production and supply chain of the company means that it will be a difficult task to accomplish (Miller, 2002). 2. Porsche will achieve effective management of logistic costs by ensuring that a number of measures are in place. For instance, the company should ensure that its performance management is up to date. Performance management can be described as the capabilities of the company to identify its abilities, mobilize its workforce, and seizing opportunities. From my individual experience, performance management is clearly shown by how effectively a firm can come up with techniques that are likely to improve the performance scores of their workers. Moreover, the extent by which a given company can align its objectives with that of the employees for the betterment of their productivities is also an essential element of performance management. Furthermore, the underlying ability of organizations to mobilize its employees and resources for the betterment of its productivity has always been an essential element of performance management in HRM. Thus, if the company is to achieve effective manag ement of its logistic costs, performance management will be the best measure that can be employed to foresee the achievement of the objective (Rainey, 2012). The company can also boost the efficiency of managing its logistic costs by ensuring that employees are motivated through reward systems. Other than talent and performance managements, reward managements also a key rationale that is usually used by the HRM to boost their outcome to further levels. Consequently, awards and prizes are typically designed to nurture and encourage specific behaviors amongst the employees for them to meet the needs and objectives of the company. As far as talents are critical for the efficient performance of enterprises, reward systems are usually employed to attract the best talents into the enterprise. From my research studies, I learned that many organizations tend to use an array of rewards like; base pay, bonus, and equity ownership benefits at different levels of the organization to encourage the employees to do their best in their undertakings (Bakan Yildiz, 2010). Far from that, the company will also achieve responsiveness in its supply chain by cultivating good and healthy relationship amongst the employees. Improving the relationship between different employees at particular organizations has evolved into a fair practice that is usually employed by the HRM of companies. As far as the productivity of firms is concerned, enhancing the relationship between different employees is the best technique for fostering collaboration and teamwork at the organizational levels (Morana, 2012). Thankfully, the HRM systems of various organizations tend to enhance and necessitate effective communication amongst their employees as a way of boosting the relationship that exists between them. From my research studies, I learned that since the employees are engines that are designed to propel their companies, there are no better ways of working towards high production in enterprises other than through enhancing the good relationship between the employees. Thus, i f Porsche will have to a chive a workable and efficient responsiveness in its supply chain, ensuring that the employees are in good relations will be a major breakthrough for laying a foundation on that (Stadtler, 2002). Finally, the success of Porsche will rely on how its underlying culture will be cultivated to suit the accomplishment of its goals. The HRM systems of different firms tend to align the best strategies and organizational cultures that are usually aimed at improving their performance scores at various management levels. From my research studies, I learned that the best way of nurturing the management of companies is through the incorporation of competent and resilience leaders in running the affairs of organizations. In addition to that, the company should also ensure that its knowledge management measures are essentially effective. Consequently, firms that have useful techniques for retrieving information from the internet and other relevant platforms have high chances of performing competitively (Cantamessa Montagna, 2015). Therefore, other than using the knowledge that has been acquired to train its employees, the HRM systems of companies also tends to support the employees in attending constructive events and meetings that are likely to boost their knowledge. At the end of the day, the company should also determine whether it is effective in its production and supply measures or not. Perhaps, there are no better ways of measuring the performance scores of companies other through measuring their levels of excellence. That, way it becomes much easier for the HRM to understand where and what to improve on their fundamental practices to propel their organizations towards success. Most importantly, a majority of companies have been considering a push to enhance cost effectiveness of the best technique for promoting excellence in their respective organizations. At the same time, there are critical decisions that are primarily significant in foreseeing companies toward success. Hence, if Porsche is to attain the required efficiency that is required to succeed in supply chain management, it should ensure that the above mentioned interventions are adopted and followed to the latter (Kurke, 2010). 3. The postponement concept as well as repositioning of the push-pull boundary will substantially assist in developing an Assemble-To-Order (ATO) by providing a platform for making production strategies that are likely to constructive to the company. It should be noted that the idea behind ATO is to ensure that production of goods are usually done once the customers have communicated their needs to the company. Thus, repositioning concept will be an instrumental mechanism that will be employed to ensure that the goods that are produced by the company are profitable. It is also worth to note that ATO is usually a major tool that the company may employ to ensure that the goods that are produced are expensive and at the same time they are ordered before being supplied to the consumers. Perhaps, organizational excellence has grown into a core parameter that is usually used to rate different organizations at the global platform. As far as the HRM systems tend to focus on employees, they a lso improve their administration effectiveness to increase their decision-making skills and improving their outcome. Thus, it is extremely worth to consider HR functional excellence at the global level to act as the parameter for fro determining the most suitable strategy that should be employed in the operational ability of companies. ATO is a globally proven measure that can be employed to reduce the amount of risks that are likely to be encountered in production processes of companies by providing the underlying companies with platforms for positioning themselves and ensuring that they are able to produce goods that have been ordered (apolu, 2011). 4. Inventory management and risk pooling may be employed to explain ATO in the sense that it elaborates techniques that may be employed to ensure that risk is managed accordingly. Perhaps, the scope in the growth of risk management issues should have been predictable if not for some of the obstacles that are preventing professionals to define the extent of risks. For instance, the numbers of both man-made as well as natural disasters that are being recorded in various parts of the world are substantially increasing and unpredictable. Thus, the fact that ATO is a production strategy that usually waits for the call of the customers before the production of goods have been made means that is a great way for ensuring that the amount of risks that are likely to be encountered after goods have been produced have been minimized. It should be noted that not all the goods that are usually produced by companies are subjects to purchase by the consumers. Thus, ATO provides a different dimension for ensuring that the amount of risk that is involved in the business is minimized (Morana, 2012). Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that the issue of product development and general supply chain management is a very sensitive issue. Therefore, human resource managers including the top management officials should always be careful in the delegation of duties that are related to product development and supply chain management to ensure smooth running of their companies and organizations. Besides that, they should also cultivate a culture that can easily accommodate the inclusion of flexibility measures in case of changes. More importantly, people should be advised to always create sustainable supply links as well as efficient techniques of production as a way of ensuring that they remain competitive and productive in the various underlying activities that are likely to be involved in their business activities (Miller, 2002). Bibliography Bakan, I. Bulent ,Y. Innovation Strategies and Innovation Problems in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: An Empirical Study.Innovation Policies, Business Creation and Economic Development(2010): 177-211. Web. Cantamessa, M. Francesca, M. Innovation in Business and Society.Management of Innovation and Product Development(2015): 1-15. Web. apolu, G. The Meaning of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries. Innovation Policies, Business Creation and Economic Development(2011): 85-91. Web. Kurke, L., B. The Phenomenology of Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship.Innovation Policies, Business Creation and Economic Development(2010): 95-111. Web. Miller, T. Production Planning And Scheduling.Hierarchical Operations and Supply Chain Planning(2002): 55-93. Web. Morana, J. Sustainable Supply Chain Management Balanced Scorecard.Morana/Sustainable Supply Chain Management Sustainable Supply Chain Management(2013): 139-65. Web. Rainey, D., L. Sustainable Business Development: Overview and Guiding Principles.Sustainable Business Development Inventing the Future through Strategy, Innovation, and Leadership(2012): 13-71. Web. Stadtler, H. Production Planning and Scheduling.Supply Chain Management and Advanced Planning(2002): 177-93. Web.